Sezvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo mumaturbine emhepo, mabhurashi ekabhoni anoita basa rakakosha mukutumira simba remagetsi nemasaini pakati pezvikamu zvisingamire nezvinofamba mukati mesystem inotenderera. Muchikamu chejenareta chinotsvedza, anoshanda se "bhiriji remagetsi" pakati perotor nemacircuits akagadzika, ukuwo achipawo kubatana kwemagetsi kunogara kuripo uye kwakasimba kwesystem yekudzivirira turbine. Kugadzikana kwekushanda kwavo kunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro akachengeteka uye anoshanda eturbine yemhepo - chero kutadza kwemabhurashi ekabhoni kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko echeni akadai sekukanganiswa kwekugadzira magetsi uye kukuvara kwezvikamu. Nokudaro, kugona nzira dzesainzi dzekutsiva nguva uye dzekugadzirisa kwakakosha zvikuru.
1. Kutsiva Kwemabhurashi Ekabhoni Nguva Dzose
Hupenyu hwekushanda kwemabhurashi ekabhoni hahuna kugadzika; hunofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvizere zvichienderana nehunhu hwezvinhu uye mamiriro chaiwo ekushanda. Kubva pamaonero ekupatsanura zvinhu, mabhurashi ekabhoni akavakirwa mumhangura, ayo anopa conductivity yakasimba asi anopera nekukurumidza, anowanzo kurudzirwa kutsiviwa makore ese 1-2. Mabhurashi ekabhoni akavakirwa pasirivha, ane resistance yakakura uye kugadzikana, anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo hwekushanda kusvika makore 3-5. Zvisinei, kutenderera uku kunongova kutaurwa kwekutanga, uye frequency chaiyo yekutsiva inokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda: mutsauko mumamodeli eturbine yemhepo (semuenzaniso, mitoro yakasiyana pakati pematurbine emhando ye megawatt nema small-scale), zviyero zvekugadzira zvevagadziri vejenareta, nzvimbo dzekushanda (tembiricha yakakwira, hunyoro hwakawanda, uye nzvimbo dzine guruva dzinokurumidza kupera), kushandiswa kweturbine uye simba rekushanda, mhando yekuchengetedza (kusanganisira slip ring surface condition, brush holder alignment accuracy, uye spring pressure stability), pamwe negiredhi remhando uye fomura yezvinhu zvemabhurashi ekabhoni pachawo. Saka, kuongororwa nguva dzose kunoshanda zvakanyanya mukuona kuchengetedzeka kweturbine pane kungovimba chete nematanho ekutsiva akagadzika.
2. Zviratidzo Zvikuru Zvekunyevera Pakutsiva Kabhoni Brush
(1) Zviratidzo Zvinoonekwa
Mamiriro emuviri wemabhurashi ekabhoni ndiwo hwaro hwakananga hwekutonga. Kutanga, teererai kuchinja kwehurefu: kana bhurashi rekabhoni richipera kusvika pahukuru hushoma hwakatarwa nemugadziri, kana kuti richitarisirwa kusvika padanho iri risati ragadziriswa, rinofanira kutsiviwa nekukasika. Chechipiri, tarisai kana paine kukuvara kwekunze: kana bhurashi rekabhoni riine mitswe, machipisi, mavanga ekutsva, kana waya dzaro dzinobatanidza dzakanyanya kupisa uye dzakwegura, kana kuti muviri webrashi wakakanganisika, zvinoratidza kuti bhurashi rarasikirwa nesimba raro rekushanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kusashanda zvakanaka chimwe chiratidzo chakakosha—kana mamwe mabhurashi ekabhoni akapera zvakanyanya nepo mamwe achiratidza kusashanda zvakanaka, zvinogona kukonzera kupararira kwemagetsi kusina kunaka uye kusangana zvisina kunaka, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, seti yese yemabhurashi ekabhoni inofanira kutsiviwa.
(2) Kushanda Zvisina Kunaka
Kushanda zvisina kujairika panguva yekushanda kweturbine kunowanzoenderana nekukundikana kwebhurashi rekabhoni. Kubva pamaonero ekufambisa kwemagetsi, kupenya kunoramba kuripo kana kutenderera panzvimbo yekubata pakati pebhurashi rekabhoni neringi rinotsvedza kunowanzo ratidza kusakwana kwekumanikidzwa kwekubata kana kupera kwakanyanya kwebhurashi. Panguva imwe chete, zvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera zvakadai sekukwegura kwechirimo uye kupera kweringi rinotsvedza zvinofanira kuongororwa. Kubva pamaonero ekushanda kwemakanika, ruzha "runodzvanya" rusina kujairika kana kudedera munzvimbo inotsvedza kana nzvimbo yebhurashi rekabhoni zvinogona kukonzerwa nekubatana kwebhurashi kusina kugadzikana kana kusapfeka kusina kuenzana, zvichikonzera kukweshana kusingajairika. Kubva pamaonero ekushanda kwemagetsi, kudzikira kwesimba rekubudisa returbine uye kushanda kwekugadzira magetsi kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekuderera kwekushanda kwebhurashi rekabhoni, izvo zvinodzivirira kutapurirana kwesimba remagetsi zvinobudirira.
(3) Kuchinja-chinja kweMagadzirirwo eMagetsi
Kuchinja kwemaparamita emagetsi kunogona kuratidza mamiriro emabhurashi ekabhoni nemazvo. Kana turbine ikasangana nekuchinja-chinja kwesimba rinobuda kana kusagadzikana kwemagetsi, zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kwekubata kunokonzerwa nekusashanda kwebhurashi ekabhoni, zvichikonzera kukanganiswa kwekufambisa kwemagetsi. Uyezve, kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana panzvimbo yekubata pakati pebhurashi ekabhoni neringi rinotsvedza kunogonawo kukonzera kukwira kusingawanzoitiki kwekushisa kwekushanda, zvichigadzira kutenderera kwakashata kwe "kusashanda nekukurumidza kwekupisa," izvo zvinoda kudzima nekukurumidza kuti zviongororwe.
(4) Kuongororwa Kwakavakirwa Panguva
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika ekushanda, avhareji yenguva yekushanda kwemabhurashi ekabhoni mumaturbine emhepo ndeyemwedzi 12-18. Kupfuura nguva iyi, kunyangwe pasina kukundikana kuri pachena kunoitika, mabhurashi acho anofanira kuiswa mukutarisa kwakakosha. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti atsiviwe zvakaenzana panguva yekugadzirisa nguva dzose kudzivirira kutadza kamwe kamwe. Uyezve, mapoka mazhinji ekushanda nekugadzirisa anosanganisa kutsiva bhurashi ekabhoni muzvirongwa zvavo zvekugadzirisa zvegore negore kana zvehafu yegore. Kutsiva kwekudzivirira kunobatsira kuderedza njodzi yenguva yekushanda—pamusoro pezvose, zvichienzaniswa nemutengo wakaderera wemabhurashi ekabhoni pachawo, nguva nemari yevashandi inobatanidzwa nekuvharwa kwematurbine emhepo pakugadzirisa (kunyanya mashandiro enzvimbo dzakakwirira) yakakwira zvikuru.
3. Kukosha Kukuru Kwekusimbisa Kugadziriswa uye Kutsiviwa kweMabhurashi eKabhoni
Mumari yekushandisa nekugadzirisa maturbine emhepo, kurasikirwa nenguva yekushandisa kunokosha zvikuru. Sezvinhu zvinodyiwa zvisina mutengo wakaderera, kunaka kwekuchengetedza mabhurashi ekabhoni kunokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kweturbine. Kuregeredza matambudziko ekupfeka mabhurashi ekabhoni hakungogumiri pakuchinja-chinja kwemagetsi uye kudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwayo asi kunogonawo kukonzera kupenya nekuda kwekusabatana zvakanaka, izvo zvinopisa pamusoro peringi rinotsvedza uye zvinoguma nekukuvara kwakanyanya senge slip ring grooving, pitting, uye out-of-round. Mari yekugadzirisa kana kutsiva slip rings yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura yemabhurashi ekabhoni pachawo. Kuburikidza nekuongorora nguva dzose uye kutsiva carbon brushes nenguva, kushanda kwakasimba kweturbine kunogona kuvimbiswa, kutadza kamwe kamwe kunoderedzwa, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita seslip rings hunowedzerwa. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekushanda nekugadzirisa uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza.
4. Mazano Ekusarudza Mabhurashi Ekabhoni Akanaka Kwazvo
Kunyangwe mabhurashi ekabhoni achishandiswa, kusarudzwa kusina kunaka kunogona kukonzera kukundikana kwecheni kakawanda. Nokudaro, zvinhu zvikuru zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa:
Kuenderana Kwezvinhu: Mabhurashi ecarbon akavakirwa pagraphite sehwaro hwezvinhu, uye akapatsanurwa mumhando dzakadai sesirivha-graphite necopper-graphite zvichienderana nehuwandu hwesimbi dzakawedzerwa (sirivha, copper). Sarudzo yacho inofanira kunge yakavakirwa pazvinodiwa zvekugadzira generator yemhepo (semuenzaniso, mutoro wemagetsi, kumhanya kwekutenderera)—mabhurashi ecarbon akavakirwa pasirivha akakodzera mamiriro ekumhanya kwakanyanya, asina kupfeka zvakanyanya, nepo mabhurashi ecarbon akavakirwa pacopper ane zvakanakira mukutumira kwemagetsi ane simba guru. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvinowedzerwa ne special impregnant kana zvimwe zvinowedzera kuti zvivandudze kusakara uye kupisa, izvo zvinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda akaoma.
Zviratidzo Zvekushanda: Mabhurashi emhando yepamusoro anofanira kunge aine coefficient yakaderera yekukweshana (kuderedza kupera kweringi rinotsvedza), kufambisa magetsi zvakanaka uye kupisa (kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya munzvimbo), uye panguva imwe chete, kugadzira "running-in layer" yakanaka neringi rinotsvedza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti rinobatana zvakanaka.
Zvikamu Zvinotsigira: Kumanikidzwa kwechitubu kwemabhurashi ekabhoni chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa mashandiro ekubata. Pakutsiva mabhurashi ekabhoni, mamiriro echitubu anofanira kuongororwa panguva imwe chete. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza zvikamu zvinotsiva zvinosangana nekumanikidzwa kwechitubu kwefekitori yekutanga, uye mabhurashi anofanira kunge aine zuva rekugadzirwa kuti zvive nyore kutsiva nguva dzose zvichienderana nemitemo yeindasitiri.
Dzivisa Kusanzwisisana: Kushandisa mabhurashi ecarbon ane mamodheru asina kunaka kana kuti asina kunaka kunorambidzwa zvachose, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akadai sekushanda kwebhurashi risina kugadzikana, kupera kweringi rinotsvedza nekukurumidza, uye kupenya kakawanda. Panguva imwe chete, dzivisa kuramba uchishandisa mabhurashi ecarbon akasakara kupfuura saizi yawo yakatarwa, kudzivirira kukuvara kusingadzoreki kwechikamu.
Tine ruzivo rwemakore akawanda mukugadzira nekugadzira zvinhu zvinotenderera zveindasitiri yemagetsi emhepo, pamwe chete nemidziyo yepamusoro yekuyedza uye nzira dzekugadzirisa mashandiro nekuchengetedza, tinopa mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhurashi ecarbon anotsiva maturbine emhepo, anosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvakaita sesirivha-graphite necopper-graphite, izvo zvinoenderana nemamodheru emagetsi emhepo. Zvigadzirwa zvedu hazvingosanganisi saizi dzakajairwa uye zvakagadziriswa chete asiwo zvinopa masevhisi ekugadzirisa kamwe chete akadai sekugadzirisa slip ring uye kugadzirisa brush holder, kuona kuti mabhurashi ecarbon anoenderana zvakakwana neturbine, uye kubatsira mapoka ekushanda nekugadzirisa kuderedza njodzi dzekushanda uye kuona kuti maturbine emhepo anoshanda kwenguva refu uye nemazvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-01-2025
